1919Main MenuTimelineProhibition is RatifiedThe 18th Amendment, which prohibited "the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory," was ratified on this day.Seattle General StrikeTens of thousands of workers in Seattle joined a five day strike that would be followed by waves of labor unrest across the nation. In the next two years almost four million workers across the U.S. went on strike.8th Illinois Regiment Returns from WarThis all African American unit fought in France during the First World War. Soldiers from the 8th returned to Chicago and marched down Michigan Ave in February 1919.The Red ScareA wave of labor unrest and persecution of radicals and those deemed un-american shaped the political climate in 1919.365th Infantry ParadeThe 365th all African American infantry unit returned to Chicago in March 1919 after fighting in France. Wartime service gave soldiers new perspectives that shaped their views of events in Chicago in 1919.Mayor Thompson Re-electedWilliam Hale Thompson is re-elected Mayor of Chicago.Red SummerIn dozens of cities African American communities were targets of white mob violence that left untold numbers of people dead, injured, and displaced.19th Amendment Approved by CongressCongress approves the 19th Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote.Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles is signed in Paris, ending World War I and creating the League of Nations.Wingfoot Air Express CrashWingfoot Air Express, a dirigible operated by Goodyear Tire, caught fire and crashed into the skylight of the Illinois Trust and Savings Building at LaSalle and Jackson.Eugene Williams DrownedRiots erupted after an African American swimmer was stoned to death by a white man on the beach.Angelus Building RiotViolence broke out at the Angelus apartment building (3501 S. Wabash), the only white occupied apartment building on an all-Black city block, in a largely Black neighborhood.Mayor Requests State MilitiaMayor William H. Thompson called for activation of the Illinois state militia.Housing Conditions and SegregationHow can housing conditions and segregation in 1919 help us understand the riots?Black Migration to ChicagoHow can migration patterns in 1919 help us understand the riots?Labor Conflict and RaceHow can labor conflicts in 1919 help us understand the riots?Communist Party USA FoundedThe 1918 October Revolution led to the rise of a Left Wing who valued revolutionary socialism within the Socialist Party USA. The Left Wing was unable to gain control of the Socialist Party and split off to form the Communist Party USA.The Great Steel StrikeU.S. Steel Corporation workers in Chicago joined iron and steel workers across the country in a strike that shut down half of the nation's steel industry.White Sox Play World SeriesThe Chicago White Sox played in the World Series against the Cincinnati Reds.About the Exhibit
Baseball player, Charles "Chick" Gandil, out at 2nd base, stealing, game 1 of the 1919 Worlds Series, White Sox and Cincinnati
12019-07-24T14:03:16+00:00Kate Flynn7a93418b93b9db509597a67ae6311be88dcb38d6131View of baseball player Charles "Chick" Gandil, of the American League's Chicago White Sox, being called out after attempting to steal second base on the field during game 1 of the 1919 World Series between the White Sox and the National League's Cincinnati Reds, held at a National League ballpark in Cincinnati, Ohio. Gandil is lying on the ground, reaching for second base, and an umpire is standing behind second base, holding his hand in the air. A Cincinnati player is standing in front of second base, cocking his arm to throw a baseball towards third base, and another Cincinnati player is standing behind second base.plain2019-07-24T14:03:16+00:00SDN-061952Chicago Daily News negatives collection, Chicago History MuseumKate Flynn7a93418b93b9db509597a67ae6311be88dcb38d6
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12019-07-24T14:03:16+00:00White Sox Play World Series1The Chicago White Sox played in the World Series against the Cincinnati Reds.plain2019-07-24T14:03:16+00:0010-01-1919
On October 1, 1919, the World Series began between the Chicago White Sox and the Cincinnati Reds. The Reds won the Series five games to three.
Rumors persisted after the Series that it had been rigged, but no investigation took place until a 1920 game between the Cubs and the Phillies was also rumored to be rigged. Under a grand jury, White Sox players testified they had colluded with local gambling syndicates (possibly including Arnold Rothstein, though his involvement is unproven) to set up the fix.
C. Arnold "Chick" Gandil, Eddie Cicotte, Claude "Lefty" Williams, Charles "Swede" Risberg, Oscar "Happy" Felsch, Buck Weaver, Fred McMullin, and "Shoeless" Joe Jackson, now known as the "Black Sox" were indicted on nine counts of conspiracy in October 1920. They were lambasted in the press but were found not guilty in August 1921 after all the records mysteriously disappeared during the trial.
Despite their acquittal, the players did not ultimately get away with it. Major League Baseball owners appointed Kenesaw Mountain Landis as the first Commissioner of Baseball. He saw to it that all eight players were banned from professional baseball for life.