Communist Party USA Founded
Both of these new communist parties held their founding conventions in Chicago in early September 1919. The 125 attendees of the CPA meeting approved a constitution and program, as well as an organizational structure.
The CPA and the CLP immediately came under suspicion of being responsible for many anti-government actions in 1919. The Palmer raids, an effort to detain and deport radical leftists, began in November as a result of the Red Scare, and forced the Communists underground. The two parties eventually merged in 1921 under pressure from the Communist International, an association of communist organizations from around the world.